This literature review of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) collates some grey and reviewed literature on the Theory of Change. The document addresses the use of a ToC, and the recommended steps for developing a ToC. In addition, the document provides an extensive annotated bibliography with...

This chapter of the book Purposeful Program Theory (2011) of Funnel and Rogers, explains how program theory can be used to learn from success, failure, and mixed results to improve planning, management, evaluation, and evidence-based policy.

While over time theories of change have become synonymous with simple if/then statements, a strong theory of change should actually be a much more detailed, context-specific articulation of how we *theorize* change will happen under a program. Theories of change should articulate: Outcomes: What is...

This book explores a range of new and older systems mapping methods focused on representing causal relationships in systems. In a practical manner, it describes the methods and considers the differences between them; describes how to use them yourself; describes how to choose between and combine...

Hivos values working with Theory of Change (ToC) as an appropriate approach to guide its strategic thinking and action, as well as its collaborative action with others. The use of a ToC approach fosters critical questioning of all aspects of change interventions and supports adaptive planning and...

This paper of CEDIL looks at the technical issues associated with the representation of Theories of Change and the implications of design choices for the evaluability of those theories.

This paper describes an evaluation capacity building (ECB) approach designed to help community development practitioners work more effectively with assumptions through the intentional infusion of evaluative thinking (ET) into the program planning, monitoring, and evaluation process. The focus is on...

The USAID Monitoring and Evaluation and Learning Activity in Jordan created a full training package on facilitating a TOC exercise, which includes presentations and exercises downloadable at the link on the right.

This text, authored by Linda G. Morra Imas and Ray C. Rist, is intended as a tool for use in building development evaluation capacity. It aims to help development evaluators think about and explore the new evaluation architecture and especially to design and conduct evaluations that focus on results...